Anomalies of Inferior Vena Cava

Interrupted IVC with Azygos Vein Continuation

(Right supracardinal vein > Azygos vein)

Bilateral IVC

Both images above are from Netter's Atlas

(From Tal Geva. Anomalies of Systemic Veins chapter in Moss & Adams 8th ed. Page 856)

Inferior Vena Cava - Embryology

Development: Heart Tube & Looping

Images are from

An Introduction to Human Embryology for Medical Students by Inderbir Singh (5th ed).

MacMillan India Limited, Madras 1995.

(This 3rd figure is intentionally rotated to show in the same orientation as rest of the figures)

Vascular Ring Analysis using Edwards Hypothetic Aortic Arches

Moss and Adams (Fifth Edition)

Anatomy: Netter - IVC - Development