Dilated cardiomyopathy - Etiology

Below 1 year of age:

1. Myocarditis

2. EFE - Emery Dreyfuss Muscular Dystrophy

3. Barth syndrome

4. Carnitine deficiency

5. Selenium deficiency

6. ALCAPA

7. Kawasaki disease

8. Critical AS

9. SVT

10. Vein of Galen malformation (AVMs)

11. Calcium deficiency

12. Hypoglycemia

13. LV non-compaction

14. Mitochondrial CMP

15. Nemaline CMP

16. Minicore-Multicore Myopathy

17. Myotubular myopathy.

Between 1 - 10 years age:

1. Familial DCM

2. Barth syndrome

3. Myocarditis

4. ARVD

5. EFE

6. Carnitine def.

7. Selenium def.

8. ALCAPA

9. Kawasaki

10. SVT

11. Toxic (Adriamycin)

12. B-ketothiolase def.

13. Ipecac toxicity

14. SLE, PAN, HUS

15. Mitochondrial CMP

16. Nemaline myopathy

17. Minicore-Multicore myopathy

18. Myotubular myopathy

Above 10 years of age:

1. Familial DCM

2. X-linked DCM

3. Myocarditis

4. SVT

5. CHD (Ebstein's, etc.)

6. Postop. CHD

7. Mitochondrial CMP

8. Chagas Disease

9. ARVD

10. Eosinophilic CMP (EFE)

11. Adriamycin toxicity

12. Pheochromocytoma

13. DMD/Beckers MD

14. Emery-Dreyfuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD)

15. Hemochromatosis

16. Limb girdle muscular dystrophy

17. Myotonic dystrophy

18. Peripartum CMP

19. Alcoholic CMP

Another classification of causes - in general: Mitochondrial abnormalities (Frederich's ataxia, Kearn-Sayre syndrome), Fatty acid metabolism defects (Carnitine def, LCAD def, Glutaric aciduria type II), Myocyte protein abnormalities (DMD - Dystrophin, Sphingolipidoses, Fabry's disease, GM1 Gangliosidosis), Glycogen storage disease (Type IIa - Pompe's, Debranching enzyme def, III, IXb), Toxins (Alcohol, Cobalt, Anthracyclines, Anthrcyclines with adjuvants such as cyclophasphamide, etc.), Viral infections, Bacterial infections (Rheumatic fever, Diphtheria), Parastitic infestations (Trypanosomiasis, Chaga's disease), Nutritional (Calcium, Copper, Iron, Selenium, Thiamine) and arrhythmias (SVT).