Gradient measurement difference between echo vs. cath (Aortic Stenosis)

LV and Ascending Aorta pressure traces are provided below.

From J.T.Bricker & D.G. McNamara Paediatric Cardiology: Its current practice. Edward Arnold, London 1988. Page 45.

Coronary Angiography - For anomalous aortic origins

All images are from The Cardiac Catheterization Handbook. by Morton J. Kern. Third edition 1999. p.311-317.

HCM - Post-extrasystolic potentiation

Post-extrasystolic potentiation of LV-Ao gradient

From Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine Ed. Brian P. Griffin. Fourth ed. p.166

Antiplatelet activity measurement at bedside

For P2Y12 inhibitors such as Clopidogrel & Ticagrelor (Platelet aggregation inhibitors).
More information at this website: http://www.accumetrics.com/en/products/verifynow-p2y12
VerifyNow Brochure: http://www.accumetrics.com/dmdocuments/system/VN-SystemOverview.pdf
VerifyNow Pocket Guide: http://www.accumetrics.com/dmdocuments/VN-PocketGuide-Interventional_OUS.pdf

PDA Morphologic type by Angiography (1989)

From Circulation 2006;114:1873-82.

Original article: Krichenko A, Benson LN, et al. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:877-80.

The Residency Mismatch — NEJM

The Residency Mismatch — NEJM

Cardiomyopathy & Myocarditis: Initial Work-up (Dr. M.M.)

Link to download PDF.

"Kcentra" approved for Reversing Coumadin

FDA approved "Kcentra" for reversing Coumadin in adults with acute major bleeding. Plasma is the only agent approved thus far.

It is a human prothrombin complex concentrate prepared from pooled donors.

Link to FDA announcement.

EKG: Apparent Atrial Flutter (Artifact due to muscle tremor)

13 yr old girl, transferred to ICU for Atrial Flutter noted in the trace below. She also had muscle tremors and neurologically obtunded. EKG & Pulse oximeter trace on in the upper panel.

(Click on the image to enlarge)

The following Doppler trace was obtained by placing the sampling cursor midway between Mitral inflow and Aortic outflow (2D image is upside down as is the standard in adult cardiology). There is one-to-one correspondence of mitral inflow to aortic outflow indicating lack of Atrial flutter with 2:1 or 3:1 conduction. Conclusion: Sinus tachycardia. When muscle tremors subsided, the baseline was normal with small P waves (& QRS complexes) were noted due to a concomittant pericardial effusion.

ICU Monitor: Freeze Frame Function to analyze traces

(Click on the image to enlarge)

When you want to analyze a trace i.e. identify the waves in a CVP trace, you can use the "Freeze" function. The "frozen" traces have a vertical, dotted line at every second. These lines coincide between traces, enabling you compare the EKG trace, Arterial trace and CVP trace. These can be used to identify the waves in CVP trace.

In this example, CVP trace has taller v wave compared to a wave. v wave corresponds to the peak of arterial trace - i.e. ventricular systole. Note: Arterial ejection peak is somewhat delayed from the electrical systole (QRS complex) due to the delay between electrical systole and mechanical systole and a slight delay in arrival of the peak of arterial trace to the femoral artery and right radial artery. (In this panel, trace labelled ABP is right radial artery line and the trace labelled ART is left femoral line).