MAPCAs - Pulmonary Atresia with VSD

Theories on the nature/origin of MAPCAs in Pulmonary Atresia with VSD.

It is speculated that MAPCAs are enlarged bronchila arteries in whom the broncho-pulmonary anastamosis has enlarged.



(First 2 images are from MA Norgaard et al. Eur J Cardio-thorac Surg 2006;29:653-8)

The following 2 images are from Ingram Schulze-Nick et al. Circulation 2000;102 (Suppl III):III-142-III-147.

Also see, on this subject:

Surgical outcome

Preop evaluation of PAs